Clinical Management of Dysmenorrhea: Primary Cramps vs. Pelvic Pathology
Menstrual cramps affect up to 90% of reproductive-age women, but severe pain that fails to respond to first-line therapies warrants rigorous clinical investigation.
ACOG diagnostic protocols distinguish primary dysmenorrhea—driven by excess uterine prostaglandins causing vasoconstriction and myometrial contractions—from secondary causes such as pelvic endometriosis. Early identification of inflammatory lesions protects future fertility and quality of life.
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